Improvement in looms



@initrd States 'latent (tithe.

WILLIAM J. PORTER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., AND VILLIAM CROSS, 0E JERSEY CITYNEW JERSEY, ASSIGNORS TO EDWARD H. yFAULKNER. OF NE\V YORK CITY.

Letters Patent No. 108,292, dated October 11, 1870.

IMPROVEMENT IN Looms.

To all whom 'it may concern Be 't known that we, WILLIAM J. PORTE/n, ofthe city, county, and State of New York, and WILLIAM Caoss, of JerseyCity, in the county ot Hudson and State of New Jersey, `hare inventedcertai'n new and useful Improvements in Looms for fearing Hair- Oloth;and we do hereby declare' that the following is a full and exactdescription thereof.

We supply the horse-hairs separately, by hand, using a warp of cotton orother suitable material, and drawing the hairs separately across Ytoform the filling. The loom may be worked by the feet or by power, but wewill describe it as operated by the feet, alone.

We use a simple jacquard, in the reversed position. .lwo treadles areemployed. The movement of the same `treadle draws the hook, with itshorse-hairs, across the warp, andA closes the shed, theoperation beingtimed so that it is closed justas the hook escapes. r

The novelty in our invention consists in a peculiar mode of connectingrand operating the hook, and in facilitating and expediting the openingof the shed. The shed opens instantly in advance of the movement of thetreadles or other ordinary actuating mesh-- a'nism, so that the hook,which, on being withdrawn, escapes from the selvage, with the warps justclosing, returns to find the shed wide open, and ready to allow the hookto be inserted with certainty.

fe will proceed to describe what we consider the best 'means ofcarryingout our invention.

The accompanying drawing forms a part of this specification, andrepresents the novel parts of our loom, with so much of the otherpartsas is necessary to indicate their relation thereto.

Similar lett-ers of reference indicate like parts in all the figures. l

Figurel is a front elevation, with the cloth-beam `partially brokenaway, to show the work in the rear;

Figure 2 is a side elevation; and

Figure 3 is a view of a port-ion.

Referring to the figures- A is the fixed flame-work of the loom, whichmay be of wood or metal.

B B are the warps, led from rear to front, and adapted to be operated byharness, as will be obvious.

l) is t-he lay, and performs its usual function of beating up each hairof the weft, and returning again to allow the next hair to be received.l

We use the term shed i in its ordinary significance, to mean the spaceformed by the elevation of a portion of the warps,'by the working of theharness; but we operate the harness to open the shed more rapidly thanusual.

G is the hook, which is, by preference,provided with a small roller, notrepresented, to vdiminish the fric-` tion of the' hair as it is drawnrapidly through it, placing the hairin position between the warps. Thehook is worked by a positive motion, as will presently be detailed.

When the loom is worked slowly, the hook is traversed -backward andforward through the shed slowly, the shed closes slowly, and the laycomes forward to strike the hair; thus introduced, slowly and gently,and returns again with a similarly moderate motion; but the opening ofthe shed is always rapid. Then the proper period has arrived, theharnesses which are to be'clevated, as determined by the jacquard, arelifted almost instantaneously to their full height. E represents,collectively, the mass ot' mechanism known as the jacquard.` It isadapted to give a sutliciently long train of motions 'to-'provide forall the ordinary varieties of twill, or the like, which is required inthis class'of goods* The machine may be worked very rapidly, the hairsbeing supplied in the ordinary manner, by introducing them singly intothe hook C by hand, in the manner heretofore employed in effecting thisclass of work.

It being premised that the parts which we shall denominate treadles, orparts equivalent in function thereto, may be worked by power, ifpreferred, we'will describe the operating by the. foot.

The attendant sits in the ordinary position at the front of the loom,with the right foot on the treadle J and the left foot on the treadle I,depressing them alternately.

The strap of leather t, from the treadle I, and the strap of leather j,from the treadle J, are wound partiall y or entirely around the rockingshaft F, mounted `transverselyabove, and being wound in oppositedirections, it follows that, as 'the treadlesare alternately depressedand released, the shaft F effects about a half revolution alternately,in opposite directions.

A crank-pin., f, mounted eccentrieally on the overhanging end of thisrocking shaft F, is connected by a rod, G, tothe lay D.

lhe hook is worked in a manner somewhat corresponding,- but with auimportapt modification in the mechanism, which causes it to remain aconsiderable period at rest in its withdrawn position. The rockshaft,for this purpose, is mounted fore-and-aft of the loom, as represented byH.

It is connected by leather straps j to the treadles I and J, and isrocked by their motion, but tora greater extent than the rock-shaft F.It should perform about two-thirds of aeomplete revolution.

A crank-pin, Il, carried on an arm on the front end ofthe rock-shaft H,has considerable throw, as represented. It is through the agency of thispin, which is rapidly swept around in a large are in oppositedirections, that the proper motion and rest is given to the hook.

. The hook C is fixed ou a slide-block, c, carried ou' parallel ways,Ah, It is also guided by passing through a hole in the frame-work, atA2, so" that it is thrust in throughthe shed,'and withdrawn again in astrictlystraight lline, without requiring any further support.

K is a slotted lever turning on a fixed pin, k, in the frame-work below.f

L is a connection from a pin, k', fixed near the center of this lever K,and connecting fit. to a pin, m, on a sliding bar, M, which issupport-ed in bearings A, in the frame-work, so that it is capable onlyof a direct motion toward one side and the other of the machine.

The end of the slide M opposite the connection L is formed, asrepresented,- with an extended slot, curved at its lower end, andstraight upv and down at its upper end, as indicated by m. In'this slotis re` ceivedthe pin h, before described. At each rocking motion of theshaft H the pin h traverses rapidly from one end to the other of thisslot m'.

It will nowbe seen that each depression of' the treadle' J causes thepin h,.in its sweep to the right, to move the slidc- M, and,consequently, the hook O to the right, and to hold it thereat rest; thatis to say, it compels the hook C to perform its extreme movement tother-ight, while/the pin h is describing only a part of its arc.

During the latterportion of the'travcrse of the pin h, 4it'moves inthe-curved portion of the slot '/m, and this curve is exactly concentricwith the'axis o f the rock-shaftI-I. It follows that, on the depressionof the trea'dle J, the pin h first moves the slide M to the extremeright, (meantime, it is moving down in 'a straight portion'of the slotm',) and afterward it holds the slide M still in its extreme' rightposition, (and,

meanwhile, traversing itself idly downward in the curved portion of theslot m.) \Vhen the 't-readle'I. is depressed, and the treadle J iscorrespondingly raised, the reverse of these motions occurs.

Q'lhe same movement of the treadles operates` the lay D, through therock-shaft F, lnore directly, and

. without the interpos itionof anysuch provision for a delay in themovement. As thehook C moves to the right, the lay moves forward, but indifferent times. The hook moves to the right rapidly, restsjthere atime, and then moves to the -left again rapidly. The lay, meantime., hascome fblward, and struck the last hair of the weft, and returned againont of the way, by reason of its motion being more rapid in this part ofits course. The delay provided, during which the hook rests in itsextreme withdrawuor right-hand position, allows the lay to perform itsf'nnction'and return without obstruction.

If theharnesses were operated with the slow motion of' the' treadles,the shed, on the arrival of the hook G to perform a new traverse acrossthe warp, would bc only partially opened, and the hook, by making afalsethrust, might get above the threads of the upper portion ofthe warp. 'loavoid this evil, we introduce mechanism at the rear, which causes theshed to open almost instantaneously, by theforce ofa spring or weight,and its opening motion commences before the extreme depression o f thetreadle J ,"and, consequently, before the f'ull stroke of the lay Diseffected.

We consider it unnecessary to represent in minute 'details all thecomplicatedmechanism known as the jacquard, or to describe themodifications which we employ in our simple form.

1t will be sufficient to explain that the jacquard performs the4function (for which it is used in many other looms) of indicating whichharnesses shall be raised, while the power tocffect the operation istransmitted through other parts, which are plainly represented.

P is a rocking shaft mounted in the framevork, as represented, andprovided with slotted arms, P2 P2, which engage with and operate theytrap-board to perform its usual functions.

The arm Pl, weighted or drawn down by a spring, or by'both, sinksrapidly when allowed so toy do, and, consequently, the front arms l2 I2are lifted suddenly to open the shed.

R is a string leading upward from the arm P, over a pulley, r, mountedin the position represented, and extending from thence downward to abeveled hook, T, which is confined loosely in a vertical casing, open atone side, as indicated by A".

The extreme back end of the treadle J is beveled, and is adapted to actagainst the beveled hook T.

When the treadle J rises, its beveled face, striking the beveled faceofthe hook T, presses it back into the Acasing \A, against a gentle forceexerted by a string, t, shown vin dotted lines, which may be of ru-bber,or may beactuated by a weight` or spring. The treadle J thus gets Aabovethe hook T. Now, on its being depressed,.it carries with it the hook T,and thus, through the connections represented, lifts the arm Pl andcloses the'shed. This operation we have before referred .to as beingnecessarily positive, and dependent lon 4the time of the other Ymotionsof -thc loom.

1t is important that the shed should not close before the hook G iswithdrawn,l or' the hook might disturb thc warps. And it is equallyimportant that the shed shall not remain `anyappreciable time after thehook is withdrawn, because it would allowA the hair to crinklc up andcurl, and impair -.the perfection of the goods. The positive connection,during the closing, allows the timing to be effected relatively to themotion of the hook, with any required degree of delicacy. c

Now, when the shed is closed, and thehook is withdrawn and commences itsperiod of' remaining stationary in its extreme right position, and whilethe lay is performing its function 0f pressing the` hair firmly' intoits place to form a portion of thc cloth,

Ythe level Pl is suddenly liberated, and allowed to descend rapidly, andopen the shed widely and instantaneously, for the next round of'operation. This is effected by thc sudden liberation of' the hook T fromthe treadle J.

The-depression of the treadle J, when it has reached a certain pointnear or not quite to its extreme lowest position, brings the beveledface of the hook T in preferred, or it may form a fixed part of theframing of the loom; It is suflicient that t'stands in the p ath of thehook T, and presses it to the right as it de- Immediately onvitsdisengagement, it risesslackening the string R, and allowing the properharnesses to be instantly lifted, and the shed to be opened, as abovedescribed.

Although we have represented our loom as introducing hairs into the warpby means of the hook G, served by hand, and operated' by thepeculiarmotion hereinl represented, and esteem this an important part ofour nvention, a portion of the benefit of our .n vention can be madeavailable by using our means for quick opening of the shed, inconnection with a s'lruttleT operated by any suitable mechanism, andsupplied with hairs by a self-server or by hand, or in any other way.\Ve can also luse a selfrserver in connection with our hook C, 'operatedas ldescribed.

iVe are aware that many previous modifications of carrying devices forintroducing hairs, and of jacquards for operating harnesses, have beenbefore in use, and we do not claim the details of our mechanism', nor,again, do we confine ourselves to the precise form and contact with astop, A5, which may be adjustable, if

scends sufficiently to disengage it from the treadle J'.

arrangement of the parts; but having now fully described ourimprovement,

We claim, as en improvement in looms for horsehair and analogousweaving- A 1. The J@readies I J, opera-ting both the Warp mech- :mismand the illing-hook, as shown, when the crank- `pin h, on the rockingshaft: H, travels in the curved f slot m', in the hook-slide M, so as toinduce the proper periods of rest and motion, all substantially asherein set forth.

2. The catch T and treadle J, combined with the tmp-board, or itsequivalent, for governing the harness mechanism, :Lnd operating asrepresented, to open i the shed rapidly in advance of the return motionof the treadles. Y

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our names in presence of twosubscribing witnesses".

' WM. J. PORTER.

WILLIAM GROSS. Witnesses:

G. '0. Llvmes, WM. O. DEY.

